Active wildfire management depends not only on real-time observations but also on direct contact with firefighters (i.e., last-mile communications). Response teams often operate in areas with no cellphone coverage, which limits the ability to transmit data in and out. Although FirstNet (the U.S. network for emergency responders and public safety) can extend the communications range via its tethered balloons, the range and coverage are limited. Researchers are evaluating the technical, operational, and financial feasibility of using stratospheric platforms for providing last-mile communications for wildfires and other remote incidents. The goal is to provide persistent LTE wireless broadband and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio communications to a wildfire incident response team for a week or longer. To be successful, the stratospheric balloon must achieve station-keeping at altitudes from 50,000 to 70,000 feet above ground level.

Flight testing will provide a valuable opportunity to demonstrate the potential for high-altitude, long-endurance imaging and communications with/by end users in an operational environment. The test apparatus includes an LTE transmitter, a Silvus-brand receiver and transmitter, and a microbolometer (i.e., thermal camera) contained on an Aerostar Thunderhead high-altitude balloon system.

• National Interagency Fire Center • U.S. Forest Service • Other firefighting agencies